Background
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
[orig. Mustafa Kemal ] (born 1881, Salonika, Greece, Ottoman Empiredied Nov. 10, 1938, Istanbul, Tur.) Founder of modern Turkey. Dedicated by his father to military service, he graduated near the top of his class in military school. As a young officer, he was critical of the government of ...
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Istanbul
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Istanbul , city (1990 pop. 6,748,435), capital of Istanbul prov., NW Turkey, on both sides of the Bosporus at its entrance into the Sea of Marmara. Its name was officially changed from Constantinople to Istanbul in 1930; before AD 330 it was known as Byzantium. (For the history of the city, see ...
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
[orig. Mustafa Kemal ] (born 1881, Salonika, Greece, Ottoman Empiredied Nov. 10, 1938, Istanbul, Tur.) Founder of modern Turkey. Dedicated by his father to military service, he graduated near the top of his class in military school. As a young officer, he was critical of the government of ...
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Anatolia
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
[or Asia Minor Turkish Anadolu ] Peninsula forming the western extremity of Asia. It is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. Its eastern boundary is generally marked by the Anti-Taurus Mountains. Anatolia is roughly contiguous ...
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Byzantine Empire
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Byzantine Empire successor state to the Roman Empire (see under Rome ), also called Eastern Empire and East Roman Empire. It was named after Byzantium, which Emperor Constantine I rebuilt (AD 330) as Constantinople and made the capital of the entire Roman Empire. Although not foreseen at the ...
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Ottoman Empire
World Encyclopedia
Ottoman Empire Former Turkish state that controlled much of se Europe, the Middle East and North Africa between the 14th and 20th centuries. It was founded by Osman I (r.1290–1326). He ruled a small principality in Anatolia, which he greatly enlarged at the expense of the Byzantine ...
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Turkey
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Turkey Turk. Türkiye , officially Republic of Turkey, republic (2005 est. pop. 69,661,000), 301,380 sq mi (780,574 sq km), SW Asia and SE Europe. It borders on Iraq (SE), Syria and the Mediterranean Sea (S), the Aegean Sea (W), Greece and Bulgaria (NW), on the Black Sea (N), and Armenia, ...
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