Background
Philip C(ortelyou) Johnson
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
(born July 8, 1906, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.died January 25, 2005, New Canaan, Conn.) U.S. architect and critic. He studied philosophy and architecture at Harvard University. As coauthor of The International Style: Architecture Since 1922 (1932) and director of the architecture department ...
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Paolo Soleri
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Paolo Soleri 1919-, Italian-American architect. He studied architecture in Turin (Ph.D., 1946). Soleri's works have been influenced by both Frank Lloyd Wright , with whom he worked, and Antonio Gaudí . He developed an architecture that expresses a functional and organic way of life. ...
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Louis Henry Sullivan
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Louis Henry Sullivan 1856-1924, American architect, b. Boston, studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris. He was of great importance in the evolution of modern architecture in the United States. His dominating principle, demonstrated in his ...
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Santiago Calatrava
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Santiago Calatrava 1951-, Spanish architect, b. Benimamet, near Valencia. He studied at the Institute of Architecture, Valencia (grad. 1974), and at the Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich (Ph.D., 1981). He opened his own architectural and engineering practice in Zürich in 1981 and ...
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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , 1886-1969, German-American architect. A pioneer of modern architecture and one of its most influential figures, he is famous for his minimalist architectural dictum "less is more." In Germany, he was an assistant to Peter Behrens . Mies's 1921 design for an ...
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Owings and Merrill Skidmore
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Owings and Merrill Skidmore American architectural firm founded in 1936 in New York City by Louis Skidmore (1897-1962), Nathaniel A. Owings (1903-84), and John O. Merrill (1896-1975). The firm helped to popularize the International style during the postwar period. Their best-known early work is ...
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Frank Lloyd Wright
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Frank Lloyd Wright 1867-1959, American architect, b. Richland Center, Wis. Wright is widely considered the greatest American architect. After studying civil engineering at the Univ. of Wisconsin, he worked for seven years in the office of Dankmar Adler and Louis H. Sullivan in Chicago. The ...
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Daniel Hudson Burnham
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Daniel Hudson Burnham , 1846-1912, American architect and city planner b. Henderson, N.Y. He was trained in architects' offices in Chicago. In that city he established (1873) a partnership with John W. Root and soon gained many of the most important architectural commissions of the day. Their ...
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architecture
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
architecture the art of building in which human requirements and construction materials are related so as to furnish practical use as well as an aesthetic solution, thus differing from the pure utility of engineering construction. As an art, architecture is essentially abstract and ...
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