Background
Milton Friedman
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Milton Friedman frēd´men , 1912-2006, American economist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Columbia, 1946. Friedman was influential in helping to revive the monetarist school of economic thought (see monetarism ). He was a staff member at the National Bureau of Economic Research (1937-46, ...
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Lawrence Henry Summers
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Lawrence Henry Summers 1954-, U.S. economist and government official, b. New Haven, Conn. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, he taught at MIT and in 1983 became the youngest tenured professor in Harvard's history. He served on the President's Council of ...
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Thomas Robert Malthus
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Thomas Robert Malthus , 1766-1834, English economist, sociologist, and pioneer in modern population study. In An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, rev. ed. 1803), he contended that poverty and distress are unavoidable, since population increases by geometrical ratio and the means of ...
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John Kenneth Galbraith
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
John Kenneth Galbraith , 1908-2006, American economist and public official, b. Ontario, Canada, grad. Univ. of Toronto (B.S., 1931), Univ. of California, Berkeley (M.S., 1933; Ph.D., 1934). After becoming (1937) a U.S. citizen and teaching economics at Harvard (1934-39) and Princeton (1939-40), he ...
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John Maynard Keynes, Baron Keynes of Tilton
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
John Maynard Keynes, Baron Keynes of Tilton , 1883-1946, English economist and monetary expert, studied at Eton and Cambridge. Early Career and Critique of Versailles Keynes served (1906-08) in the India Office of the civil service, where he was concerned with problems of Indian currency. He ...
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Paul A. Samuelson
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Paul A. Samuelson 1915-, American economist, b. Gary, Ind., grad. Univ. of Chicago (B.A., 1935), Harvard (M.A., 1936; Ph.D., 1941). Appointed a professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1941, he later (1966) became institute professor, the highest professorial rank at ...
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Robert M. Solow
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Robert M. Solow 1924-, American economist, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., grad. Harvard (B.A. 1947, M.A. 1949, Ph.D. 1951). He began teaching economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1949. Solow also held several governmental positions, including those of senior economist for the Council of ...
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Joseph E. Stiglitz
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
(born Feb. 9, 1943, Gary, Ind., U.S.) U.S. economist. He received a Ph.D. (1967) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and taught at several universities, including Yale, Harvard, Stanford, and Columbia. From 1997 to 2000 he was the World Bank's chief economist but often disagreed with ...
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Adam Smith
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Adam Smith 1723-90, Scottish economist, educated at Glasgow and Oxford. He became professor of moral philosophy at the Univ. of Glasgow in 1752, and while teaching there wrote his Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), which gave him the beginnings of an international reputation. He traveled on the ...
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economics
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
economics study of how human beings allocate scarce resources to produce various commodities and how those commodities are distributed for consumption among the people in society (see distribution ). The essence of economics lies in the fact that resources are scarce, or at least limited, and ...
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