TOKYO (AP) — Foreign ministers from Japan and South Korea held a rare meeting Sunday on the eve of the 50th anniversary of their countries normalizing relations marred by Japan's colonization and World War II conquest.

Yet, the ties between the most important U.S. allies in Asia are so low that the major outcomes of the talks were an agreement to keep discussing difficult historical issues and to work together to achieve a first meeting between their leaders. As a small step, the two countries' leaders will attend Monday's ceremonies in their respective capitals, instead of just exchanging written statements as once anticipated.

Yun Byung-se's visit Sunday was the first by a South Korean foreign minister since 2011. Yun and his Japanese counterpart, Fumio Kishida, shook hands but made no comment during the several minutes of media coverage at the outset of their highly sensitive talks. The ministers then held talks for two hours before talking for another hour over Japanese "tempura" cuisine, which Japanese officials said was a good start. But Japanese officials were tight-lipped about whether any progress was made on Japan's sexual enslavement of Korean women and other outstanding issues related to wartime history.

Yun is set to pay a courtesy visit to Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Monday before attending anniversary events in Tokyo.

Kishida told reporters late Sunday the two ministers agreed to regularly meet and make efforts to have their leaders meet "at an appropriate time." He also said that the two sides agreed to cooperate to promote UNESCO World Heritage listings of each other's sites, but did not elaborate on whether either side made concessions. Seoul has objected to Japanese industrial sites, criticizing Japan for neglecting their dark history of using Korean slave laborers.

"It's a grave situation, and what's more serious is that Japan's diplomacy toward South Korea has turned harsher against the backdrop of public sentiment," said Junya Nishino, a political science professor at Keio University.

Abe and South Korean President Park Geun-hye have yet to hold fully fledged bilateral talks since taking office in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Washington has been concerned about its allies' strained relations.

They are rooted in Japan's colonization of Korea, from 1910 to the end of World War II. The relations improved in the late 1990s, following Japanese apologies, cultural exchanges and a Korean pop culture boom in the 2000s, but nosedived a few years ago largely because of differences over their shared history.

Many Koreans still remember Japan's 35-year colonization as the era of brutality and humiliation, during which they were forced to use Japanese names and language while their pride, heritage and sense of identity were severely threatened. After ties were normalized, three more decades passed before Seoul officially allowed Japanese films and other popular culture back into the country.

A downturn started in 2012, when then-South Korean President Lee Myung-bak visited a cluster of Seoul-controlled islets also claimed by Japan.

As public sentiment soured, ethnic Koreans in Japan, many of whom descendants of forced laborers, became target of racial insults by right-wing extremists.

Anti-Korean books and magazines have become bookstore staples, while Korean pop idols who once dominated Japanese TV shows have largely disappeared, and many shops in downtown Tokyo once known as Korea Town closed.

Nishino said the deterioration in relations could also be traced to South Korea's rising economic clout and international profile, which have touched a nerve for many Japanese, who have lost confidence in their own leadership amid economic slump and political disarray.

Tokyo maintains that the 1965 treaty settled all compensation claims between Japan and South Korea, but Seoul says wartime crimes, including sexual slavery, should be readdressed.

Economic relations are still generally strong, although Japanese tourist arrivals and direct investment in South Korea have declined since 2012, while those from South Korea have remained relatively stable.

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