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Organ Donors Breathe Life Into Death Debate

Bioethicists weigh ethical, organ-transplant concerns

By Drew Nelles,  Newser Staff

Posted Oct 5, 2008 8:41 PM CDT

(Newser) – The art of extracting human organs has revived a debate about when a person is actually dead, the Economist reports. Forty years ago, the Catholic Church agreed with scientists that brain dead meant dead. But now that doctors are skirting that rule, harvesting organs from horribly brain-damaged donors who are technically alive, the Church is under pressure to put its foot down.

Some doctors want to rewrite a key rule in their favor. Ahead of an organ donation conference at the Vatican next month, two American bioethicists have proposed changing a donor rule, allowing doctors to harvest organs while the injured donor is still alive—providing the donor has given prior consent. Others say this is tantamount to breaking a doctor's key duty: to do no harm.

Doctors' means of extracting organs from patients has revived a debate about when a person is actually dead.
Doctors' means of extracting organs from patients has revived a debate about when a person is actually dead.   (Getty Images)
The extraction of organs from patients who are technically still alive has put the Catholic Church under pressure to define when a person is dead.
The extraction of organs from patients who are technically still alive has put the Catholic Church under pressure to define when a person is dead.   (Getty Images)
Doctors' means of extracting organs from patients has revived a debate about when a person is actually dead.
Doctors' means of extracting organs from patients has revived a debate about when a person is actually dead.   (Getty Images)
An illustration provided by the Cleveland Clinic showing surgery to remove donor kidneys through a single bellybutton incision.
An illustration provided by the Cleveland Clinic showing surgery to remove donor kidneys through a single bellybutton incision.   (AP Photo/Joseph A Pangrace, The Cleveland Clinic)
A medical team bow in respect to the corpse of an organ donor who agreed to donate the corneas at a hospital in Wuhan, in central China's Hubei province.
A medical team bow in respect to the corpse of an organ donor who agreed to donate the corneas at a hospital in Wuhan, in central China's Hubei province.   (AP Photo)
A debate is raging over whether the end of brain activity or cardiac activity should define the moment of death.
A debate is raging over whether the end of brain activity or cardiac activity should define the moment of death.   (Shutterstock)
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